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- <text id=93HT0319>
- <title>
- 1950s: Permissiveness for Parents: Dr. Spock
- </title>
- <history>Time-The Weekly Magazine-1950s Highlights</history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- TIME Magazine
- October 21, 1957
- Permissiveness for Parents
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Though the millions of squalling young Americans whose
- lives would be most affected knew nothing about it, there was
- big news for babies this week. Clattering off the presses was
- a revised version of the gospel by which half a U.S. generation
- has been raised: The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care,
- by Pediatrician Benjamin McLane Spock. To the original edition,
- which has sold more than 9,000,000 copies since 1946, Author
- Spock has added some 100 pages. The gist of his revisions and
- additions reflects the changing climate of the past decade:
- parents ought to be more permissive toward themselves, rely more
- on their own judgment and less on books--including Dr.
- Spock's.
- </p>
- <p> "Trust Yourself." When Spock wrote his first edition, a
- pseudoscientific strictness, introduced in the 1920s, was the
- rule--"Don't pick up the baby when he cries, feed him only at
- precise four-hour intervals." Spock stepped in to the head of
- the pediatricians who were trying to encourage greater
- flexibility in baby care. They succeeded too well, he now feels:
- "Nowadays there seems to be more chance of a conscientious
- parent's getting into trouble with permissiveness [toward
- children] than with strictness." Keynote of Spock's latest
- advice to parents: "Trust yourself." Instinct, he says, prompts
- most parents to give children the "natural loving care" needed
- in routine growth. All the emphasis on the child's needs--"for
- love, for understanding, for patience...for protection, for
- comradeship"--has given the impression that parents have no
- needs or rights. Not so, says Spock.
- </p>
- <p> Parents who were themselves raised by a set code will tend
- to rear their children the same way. They should go ahead and
- do so with no qualms of conscience, advises the 1957 Spock,
- though they must make due allowance for the more relaxed
- atmosphere in families around them. They must not be overharsh,
- but they have a right to get cross and spank the little darling
- when he has deliberately provoked anger--as he often does.
- What is more, he wants (at least unconsciously) to be
- disciplined and made to behave responsibly: "By keeping children
- on the right track, firmness also keeps them lovable. And they
- love us for keeping them out of trouble."
- </p>
- <p> Two-Way Hate. Pediatrician Spock has waded hip-deep into
- the psychoanalytic interpretation of children's unconscious
- emotional reactions. Parents, he says, may have feelings of
- antagonism toward a child that seem too horrible for them to
- admit. The child absorbs the same dread of them, and develops
- fears of imaginary dangers that the psychiatrist finds are
- "disguises for ordinary angry feelings toward their parents."
- The solution: parents must realize that no matter how much they
- love their children, some antagonism toward them is natural. In
- more down-to-earth matters, the revised Spock contains these
- newly mined nuggets:
- </p>
- <p>-- Recommended inoculations are now far simpler than a decade
- ago, thanks to progress in developing the three-way D.P.T. shots
- against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus.
- Spock recommends three of these shots, beginning at one month.
- Also advised: vaccination against smallpox in the first year
- and three shots of Salk polio vaccine at whatever age the
- family's doctor recommends.
- </p>
- <p>-- Solid foods are to be added to baby's diet any time after
- he is three months old, but are not to be forced on the child
- just to satisfy some faddist theory or parental pride. "A big
- factor in giving solids earlier has been the eagerness of mothers
- who don't want their baby to be one day later than the baby up
- the street."
- </p>
- <p>-- On toilet training, the 1946 Spock went all out for letting
- children alone; warned parents that they must leave the
- youngsters free to follow their varying habits. Spock's 1957
- bill of rights for parents extends to the potty; while parents
- are still warned not to be too rigid, they are invited to rely
- on their own judgment as to when to start toilet training.
- </p>
- <p>-- The pacifier, ignored in the first edition, is restored to
- respectability after a generation of contemptuous neglect, as
- "helpful for colic and to prevent thumb-sucking."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-